Abstract: The levees in northeast China are mostly sand levees and the soil texture is loose and barren. Under the combined action of rainfall erosion and wind erosion, the soil erosion on the slope is serious, which reduces the flood control quality of the sand levee and directly endangers the safety of the levee. In order to reduce rainfall erosion and soil erosion on slopes and ensure the flood control quality of the sand levee, the surface soil of the sand levee was improved with water retaining agent to provide water and nutrients for vegetation growth, and the appropriate slope protection scheme was selected by comparing the indoor and outdoor experiments of the simple vegetation slope protection scheme and the two improved ecological slope protection schemes. The results show that: three-dimensional geomat and sun-shade net can protect slope surface and grass seed better and reduce rainfall erosion in the early stage of grass seed germination; during the vegetation growth period, plants can grow normally through the pore of the three-dimensional geomat; the root system of the vegetation plays the role of rivet and anchors the three-dimensional geomat firmly on the slope. The three-dimensional geomat, together with the roots of vegetation, forms a combined protective layer, which improves the overall reinforcement effect. However, as the pores of the sun-shade net are too close, the vegetation is difficult to grow normally through the sun-shade net, and as a result, the sun-shade net is lifted up, so it is impossible to form a joint protection system with vegetation like the three-dimensional geomat, and the overall reinforcement effect is poor.