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Dam body leakage subaqueous remediation and evaluation of concrete dam
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摘要: 混凝土坝坝体渗漏会影响大坝的安全性和耐久性，以云南龙江水电站大坝坝体渗漏水下修复处理为背景，详细介绍修复处理过程并对处理效果进行评述。为探明坝体入渗点部位，首先采用温度测试法初步查找渗漏范围，再采取水下扩大检查的方式明确渗漏点具体位置。通过水下检查最终确定9#坝段832.00 m和816.00 m、10#坝段830.00 m和808.00 m层间缝混凝土存在质量缺陷，为坝体渗漏通道的主要入渗点。然后，采用水下处理的方式进行坝体修复，从源头对入渗点进行封堵，坝体经修复处理后，渗漏量由近年来最大值74.85 L/s降低至正常蓄水位下渗漏量仅6.04 L/s，处理效果较好。从坝体渗漏水下检查情况来看，层间缝是混凝土坝坝体渗漏的主要通道。层间缝是贯穿于坝体浇筑全过程的施工缝，应在施工过程中加强质量控制，以保证各层混凝土之间的充分结合。所采用的渗漏水下修复处理技术可有效解决坝体局部渗漏缺陷问题，可供类似工程借鉴。Abstract: Leakage of concrete dam body affects the safety and durability of the dam. Based on the dam body leakage remediation of Longjiang hydropower station in Yunnan Province, the remediation of the dam is introduced in detail, and the remediation result is discussed. In order to find the possible leakage entrance, temperature tracing is applied for finding the range of leakage entrance, and then the specific leakage point is indicated by subaqueous extended check. Through subaqueous check, defects in the concrete dam body between the layers are detected. The main entrance points of leakage passage are located at elevation 832.00 m and 816.00 m in dam block 9#, and 830.00 m and 808.00 m in dam block 10#. Therefore, subaqueous remediation is adopted for the dam body, and leakage entrance is blocked from source. After the remediation of the dam body, leakage decreases from maximum 74.85 L/s in recent years to 6.04 L/s under normal water level. From the subaqueous check of the dam body before remediation, the seams between layers are identified as the main way of leakage in the concrete dam. The seams between layers are produced during the whole construction process. Hence, it is necessary to enhance the quality control during construction process to ensure the bond of each layer in concrete. Above all, partial leakage defect could be solved by the leakage subaqueous remediation method provided here, and the practice could be used for similar projects.
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图 1 龙江水电站大坝坝体渗漏量过程线
Figure 1. Hydrograph of leakage of dam in Longjiang hydropower station
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图 5 龙江水电站坝体渗漏量过程线（渗漏处理前后）
Figure 5. Hydrograph of leakage of dam in Longjiang hydropower station (before and after leakage remediation)
表 1 大坝历年最大渗漏量和水位对照
Table 1 Comparison of maximum leakage and water level over the years
日期 渗漏量/ (L·s−1) 变化量/ (L·s−1) 当日水位/m 日期 渗漏量/ (L·s−1) 变化量/ (L·s−1) 当日水位/m 2012-12-31 25.15 868.16 2017-12-07 61.82 +11.61 869.94 2013-09-13 36.64 +11.49 871.99 2018-10-19 68.79 +6.96 872.41 2014-08-25 37.45 +0.81 870.71 2019-08-03 74.85 +6.07 870.57 2015-12-31 39.43 +1.98 869.03 2020-01-24 73.25 −1.60 868.79 2016-10-22 50.21 +10.78 869.48 
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表 2 水下检查情况（库水位846.00~847.00 m）
Table 2 Subaqueous check information (water level of 846.00~847.00 m)
序号 部位 高程/m 渗漏检查结果 1 9#坝段层间缝 816.00~832.00 832.00 m层间缝，存在明显表面破损、冲蚀、淘空缺陷，长度约2 m。
816.00 m高程层间缝，存在点状轻微渗漏。2 10#坝段层间缝 808.00~830.00 808.00 m层间缝：表面存在明显破损、淘空缺陷和明显的渗漏点，表面吸附杂物和树枝，长约2 m。
830.00 m层间缝：存在明显表面破损，淘空现象，渗漏较明显，缺陷部位呈条带状零星分布，长约2 m。
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表 3 坝体渗漏处理进度与对应渗漏量
Table 3 Comparison between leakage and remediation process
日期 处理进度 水位/m 渗漏量/（L·s−1） 日期 处理进度 水位/m 渗漏量/（L·s−1） 2020-05-31 9#坝段816.00 m处理完成 844.96 39.31 2020-06-14 9#坝段832.00 m处理完成 847.13 6.83 2020-06-04 10#坝段808.00 m处理完成 846.66 39.69 2020-06-20 9#坝段835.00 m高程处理完成 847.90 5.38 2020-06-08 10#坝段830.00 m处理完成 846.65 14.91 2020-06-26 零星渗漏点全部处理完成 849.37 3.60 2020-06-12 10#坝段813.70 m处理完成 846.78 14.89 2020-09-07 处理后3个月左右 871.55 6.04
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