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Numerical analysis of flow characteristics of perforated deposit-promoting plate
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摘要: 在航道整治和河道治理工程中，常使用促淤结构来促进泥沙淤积、保护洲滩。结合导板结构与透水结构的特点，提出一种新型促淤护滩结构——开孔促淤板。为进一步分析开孔促淤板的促淤拦沙效果，基于RNG k-
$ {\varepsilon } $ 紊流模型建立了三维开孔促淤板水流数值模型，并通过物理模型试验对数值模型进行验证。计算分析了流速、开孔率、相对单孔面积等因素对流速、减速率的影响，拟合得到最优开孔率与最佳单孔面积的预测经验公式。结果表明：相对单孔面积对板前流态影响较小，对板后的流速、流态及减速区的形成有影响；开孔率越大，板后减速效果越差，开孔率为30%时，近底区域减速效果最好；来流流速会影响开孔促淤板的减速效果，来流流速为0.2 m/s时减速效果最好。Abstract: In the waterway regulation and river regulation projects, in order to promote the deposition along the beach and protect the beach, basde on the characteristics of guide plate structure and permeable structure, a new perforated deposit-promoting plate for beach protection is proposed in this study. In order to further analyze the siltation promoting and sediment retaining effect of the plate, its flow characteristics are deeply studied. Based on the RNG k- ε turbulence model, a three-dimensional numerical model of perforated deposit-promoting plate is established, and the numerical model is verified by the physical model test data of the plate under the action of water flow. The effects of different flow velocities, percentages of opening area and relative single hole areas on the flow velocity and deceleration rate around the perforated deposit-promoting plate are calculated and analyzed, and the empirical formulas for prediction of the optimal percentage of opening area and the optimal single hole area are fitted. The results show that the relative single hole area has little effect on the flow pattern in front of the plate, but has an effect on the velocity flow pattern behind the plate and the formation of deceleration zone. The larger the percentage of the opening area, the worse the deceleration effect behind the plate. When the percentage of the opening area is 30%, the deceleration effect near the bottom is the strongest. The inflow velocity will affect the deceleration effect of the perforated deposit-promoting plate, and the deceleration effect is the best when the inflow velocity is 0.2 m/s. -
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图 1 开孔促淤板结构示意
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the structure of the perforated deposit-promoting plate
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图 5 模型各断面垂线流速及水位验证
Figure 5. Verification and comparison of vertical velocity and water level at each section of the model
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图 6 不同孔数下30%开孔率下各断面垂线流速分布
Figure 6. Distribution of vertical flow velocity in each section under 30% opening rate with different number of holes
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图 7 开孔率为30%时板后5H内流线
Figure 7. Flow line of five times water depth away from the deposit-promoting plate with 30% opening
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图 8 不同开孔率下各断面垂线流速分布
Figure 8. Distribution of vertical flow velocity in each section with different opening rates
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图 9 不同开孔率下板前后流速减速率分布
Figure 9. Distribution of decelerations in front of and behind plates under different opening rates
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图 10 流速对开孔板减速率的影响
Figure 10. Effect of flow rate on deceleration rate of perforated plate
表 1 试验工况
Table 1 Test working conditions
模拟工况 开孔率/% 相对单孔面积/% 纵向孔数 流速/（m·s−1） 水深/m 1 56 1.12 5 0.15 0.30 2 1.40 4 3 1.87 3 4 2.80 2 5 46 0.77 6 0.15 0.30 6 0.96 5 7 1.28 4 8 1.92 3 9 40 0.41 7 0.15 0.30 10 0.48 6 11 0.57 5 12 0.71 4 13 30 0.23 8 0.15 0.30 14 0.27 7 15 0.31 6 16 0.38 5 17 30 0.38 5 0.10 0.30 18 0.20 19 0.25 20 0.30 
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