Abstract: To scientifically evaluate the modernization level of reservoir operation management, considering the urgent demand for modernized reservoir operation management and the need to construct a modernization matrix, an evaluation index system consisting of 25 indicators was developed. The system was structured around four key aspects: "Four-Complete" management, "Four-System (Treatment)" framework, "Four-Forecast" measures, and "Four-Management" tasks. A combination of the rank relation method and the entropy weight method was employed to determine the indicator weights, and an evaluation model based on variable fuzzy set theory was established. Taking Shilianghe Reservoir in Jiangsu Province as an example, its operation management modernization level was assessed. The results demonstrate that the model based on variable fuzzy set theory effectively evaluates the modernization level of reservoir operation management, and the evaluation results align with actual conditions. The modernization level of Shilianghe Reservoir's operation management is rated as "Good," with a tendency to improve toward "Excellent," indicating a relatively high modernization level. However, there is still room for improvement in aspects such as information sharing, water ecological environment protection, and the technological and structural level of human resources.