Study on the pattern of surge climbing under the condition of moving water in three-dimensional rock landslides

Utilizing the experimental system for three-dimensional diffuse rock landslide surges in shallow water areas of bends under moving water conditions, this study investigates the fundamental patterns of surge climbing under the influence of hydrodynamic forces and the method to determine the maximum climb. Based on the data observed from the physical model experiments, characteristics values of climbing were calculated. The effects of water flow velocity, river depth, landslide volume, and landslide inclination angle on climbing were analyzed. Through multiple nonlinear regression analysis and least squares method analysis, the climbing attenuation formulas of three-dimensional swells along the opposite and same banks under dynamic water conditions were obtained, and compared with the climbing attenuation formulas of swells in loose rock landslides under static water conditions. Using dimensionless and multivariate regression analysis methods, a formula for calculating the maximum climb height under moving water conditions was given. The calculation results were compared and verified with the actual measurement data of surge climbing in the Xintan landslide on the Yangtze River, and the two results are relatively close.